The Review of Korean Studies
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Foreign Merchants’ Visits to the Korean Peninsula, and Koryŏ People’s Responses, in the 13-14th centuries
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Abstract
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Koryŏ people witnessed numerous “new” visits to the Korean peninsula. Central or West Asian traders, who were experiencing troubles in their business with their Chinese and Mongol counterparts, began to come to Koryŏ for a variety of reasons. They came to secure commodities that could be sellable to various Asian regions, to bide time to evade imperial debt collections and horde assets required for foreign expeditions in the future, or even acquire necessary items ahead of their long-range journeys on a ship full of Mongol slaves headed for West Asian markets. In the process, Koryŏ inadvertently became part of the global trade network, and even representatives from India and Iran knocked upon doors of the Koryŏ court. Witnessing all these new visits, the Koryŏ government became interested in devising a foreign trade policy of its own, and those efforts proceeded on two fronts: Creating a human network that would facilitate the kings’ and the government’s future endeavors to generate profits in their upcoming foreign investments, and Establishing a production mechanism to create export items with finer qualities and competitiveness. Kings like Ch’ung’ryŏl, Ch’ungsŏn, Ch’ungsuk, and Ch’ung’hye all promoted the Koryŏ people’s dealing with the outer world.
- keywords
- Yüan Empire’s foreign trade policy, Central or West Asian traders’ visit to the Korean peninsula, Ch’ung’ryŏl-wang, Ch’ungsŏn-wang, Ch’ungsuk-wang, Ch’ung’hye-wang
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